My Dog is Straining to Urinate, What Should I Do?

My Dog is Straining to Urinate, What Should I Do?

If your dog is straining to urinate or has bloody or pink tinged urine
you may be seeing signs of cystitis. This is a symptom that should not
be ignored. It is important that you observe your dog urinating on a
frequent basis. You are the window to your dog's health and your
observations are very important to us.

Cystitis in dogs is not uncommon and has a number of different causes.
Our doctors feel that determining the cause of cystitis is very
important not only with treatment but also with prevention.

One of the most important considerations is that cystitis in dogs is
painful. The quicker we deal with it the quicker your dog returns to
normal health and comfort.

The following information will help you to understand cystitis in your dog.

What is cystitis?

By definition cystitis means inflammation of the bladder, and the term
is used as a general description for any disease that causes
inflammation.

What causes cystitis?

A number of diseases and conditions can cause the inflammation that is
called cystitis. The most common cause of cystitis in dogs is an
infection caused by bacteria. Other common causes include bladder
stones, tumors or polyps in the bladder, and abnormal anatomy
(especially in female dogs). Some dogs will experience interstitial or
"sterile cystitis", a condition that causes inflammation and
associated clinical signs without any infection. You may have heard of
this type of inflammatory cystitis in people.

What are the clinical signs of cystitis?

The most common clinical sign is hematuria or blood in the urine.
Cystitis causes discomfort and pain. Dogs with cystitis may spend
several minutes squatting and straining (straining is called dysuria)
to produce only a small amount of urine, and they may urinate more
frequently than normal (called pollakiuria). Many pet owners report
observing their pet squatting frequently and dribbling little spots of
urine in multiple locations.

Bacterial infections usually cause hematuria and dysuria. Bladder
stones are caused by excessive amounts of crystalline minerals in the
urine. The crystals have sharp edges while the stones can have rough
surfaces; both can cause irritation as they rub against the bladder
wall. In severe cases, the bladder stones may block the urethra and
obstruct the flow of urine, which is a potentially life-threatening
condition. In dogs, bladder stones frequently form as a result of
bladder infection. Tumors or polyps are usually not irritating to the
bladder, but they can cause bleeding and straining to urinate. A
urethral diverticulum is an abnormal anatomical defect consisting of a
small pouch in the wall of the bladder or urethra. Bacteria can easily
get into this protective pouch and set up an infection that is
extremely difficult to treat without surgical removal of the pouch.

How is cystitis diagnosed?

A history of hematuria, dysuria, and pollakiuria is strong evidence of
some form of cystitis. When any or all of these symptoms are seen,
several tests are appropriate.

The first group of tests includes urinalysis, urine culture, and
bladder palpation (feeling with the fingers). A urinalysis consists of
several tests to detect abnormalities in the urine and urine sediment.
These are generally adequate to confirm cystitis, but they may not
tell us the exact cause. A urine culture and sensitivity determines if
bacteria are present and what antibiotics are likely to be effective
in killing them. This is often indicated because bacteria cause most
cases of cystitis in the dog and usually eliminated easily with the
appropriate antibiotic.

Bladder palpation is the first "test" for bladder stones, since stones
may be large enough to be felt by the veterinarian.

What is done if cystitis is present, but the culture is negative for
bacteria and bladder stones cannot be felt?

This scenario occurs about 20% of the time. When it happens, it is
important that more tests be performed so that a diagnosis can be
achieved.

Bladder radiographs (x-rays) are taken to evaluate the bladder for
common types of bladder stones. However, the mineral composition of
some stones requires that special radiographs, using contrast
materials, be used in certain cases. Plain radiographs rarely show
bladder tumors, polyps, or diverticula. A plain radiograph can be made
without sedation or anesthesia in most dogs.

An ultrasound examination is extremely useful in evaluating the
bladder. This technique uses sound waves to visualize stones as well
as some tumors and polyps. It may also identify other abnormalities of
the bladder wall, including wall thickening. It can often be performed
without sedation or anesthesia.

Contrast radiographs of the bladder are taken when plain radiographs
and/or an ultrasound examination do not provide a diagnosis. In this
three-step process, a urinary catheter is passed and the bladder is
first filled with a negative contrast material (usually air), then a
positive contrast material (a special radiographic dye), and finally a
positive contrast material with a negative contrast material (double
contrast study). A radiograph is taken after each step. These three
procedures permit visualization of otherwise unseen bladder stones,
tumors and polyps, diverticula, and wall thickening. Since it is
necessary to pass a catheter into the bladder and to distend it with
the contrast materials, sedation or general anesthesia is required.

If a dog shows other signs of illness, such as increased production of
urine, fever, poor appetite, or lethargy, cystitis may be a symptom of
a more serious problem. These dogs should be evaluated for systemic
diseases and bleeding disorders, using tests such as a biochemistry
profile and complete blood count (CBC) should be performed to assess
metabolic and organ function. If a clotting problem is suspected, a
bleeding or clotting profile is appropriate. The most common diseases
that can cause cystitis as a secondary problem are diabetes mellitus,
Cushing's disease, and kidney disease.

How is cystitis treated?

Treatment is based on the cause. Bacterial infections are generally
treated with antibiotics. Some bladder stones can be dissolved with
special diets while others require surgical removal. Benign bladder
polyps can usually be surgically removed, but malignant bladder tumors
are difficult to treat successfully. A bladder diverticulum should be
removed surgically.

In the initial stages of treatment, many cases of cystitis require
pain relief or anti-inflammatory medications to relieve discomfort and
improve urine outflow. Once the discomfort is relieved, many patients
with cystitis benefit from increased water consumption, either by
drinking more water or eating a moist diet, which will dilute the
urine and help flush out bacteria, inflammatory debris, and dissolved
crystals.

Your veterinarian will discuss the appropriate tests and treatments
necessary to return your pet to normal health as soon as possible.

We hope your dog will never experience cystitis. Cystitis in dogs is a
condition that you now know has many causes. Rest assured we are here
to deal with it. Our doctors have decades of experience diagnosing the
causes and treatment of cystitis. Once we have treated the cystitis in
your dog we will turn our attention to prevention. This may be as
simple as adding water to the food or in some cases switching to a
special diet. We will be sure that you understand any and all of the
suggestions we make.


Give us a call as our pet friendly staff would be happy to assist in
all your pet health concerns.


Our mission at Bayshore veterinary clinic is: "To provide the highest
quality veterinary care for our patients and the best service for our
clients. Our goal in every case is a healthy pet and a happy client."

Bayshore Veterinary Clinic: Phone: (414) 964-7009

Hours
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Sat- 8am-2pm
Sun- Emergency Calls Only